2/1 game forcing (Two-over-one game forcing) is a bidding system in modern contract bridge structured around the following responses to a one-level opening bid:
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- a non-jump response in a new suit at the one-level is constructive and forcing for one round,
- a non-jump response in a new suit at the two-level is forcing to game, and
- a 1NT response is forcing for one round and indicates insufficient values to immediately commit to game or bid a suit at the one-level.[1]
The 2/1 game force does not apply to responses by a passed hand, or if there is an intervening call by an opponent. Other responses are as per Standard American methods in accordance with partnership agreement.
Game forcing auctions[edit]
The 2/1 auctions are: 1â¦â2â£, 1â¥â2â£, 1â¥â2â¦, 1â â2â£, 1â â2â¦, and 1â â2â¥.
Variations[edit]
The following variations may be made by partnership agreement:
- Some play that 1â¦â2⣠is not game forcing
- Some play that 2/1 is not absolutely game forcing and the pair can stop below game when responder rebids his suit. For example, 1â¥â2â£; 2â¥â3⣠may be treated as nonforcing.
1NT response to major suit opening[edit]
Because the two-level responses are stronger than in Standard American bidding, the response of 1NT is forcing for one round and is used (among other things) for weaker hands containing low-ranking suits. Since the 1NT response is forcing, hands with a three-card limit raise can start with 1NT and later jump-support partner. See Forcing notrump for additional details. Some pairs play a variant in which the 1NT response to 1⥠or 1â is semi-forcing.
Since opener has been forced to rebid on hands which he might otherwise have passed, he may have to rebid in a new suit with only three or even two cards.
Other features[edit]
Use of the 2/1 system usually implies (at least) the following additional agreements:
- Five card majors, i.e. major suit openings require at least a five-card suit;
- Either limit raises of major suit openings (i.e. the jump raise 1â â 3â or 1⥠â 3⥠shows a game-invitational hand with at least four-card support) or Bergen raises;
- Inverted minor raises, in which a jump raise of a minor suit opening is a weak preemptive bid, while a single raise is strong and forcing for one round;
- Jacoby 2NT, showing strong support with 4 or more cards;
- Splinter bids;
- New minor forcing;
- Fourth suit forcing and artificial.
Examples[edit]
1â â 2â£
2⦠â 2â
Forcing to game, with original spade support and good club suit. This is different from standard bidding, in which such a sequence would show about 10 points, and club suit could be semi-fake.
2⦠â 2â
Forcing to game, with original spade support and good club suit. This is different from standard bidding, in which such a sequence would show about 10 points, and club suit could be semi-fake.
1â â 2â£
2â â 2NT.
Forcing to game, with balanced hand and a good club suit.
2â â 2NT.
Forcing to game, with balanced hand and a good club suit.
1â â 2â£
2⦠â 3â£
Forcing, unless the partnership has agreed that this is an exception to the '2/1 rule.'
2⦠â 3â£
Forcing, unless the partnership has agreed that this is an exception to the '2/1 rule.'
1⦠â 2â£
Forcing for one round only (as in Standard American), except in the variant of 2/1 where this sequence is game forcing as well.
Forcing for one round only (as in Standard American), except in the variant of 2/1 where this sequence is game forcing as well.
1⣠â 2â£
Forcing for one round; 10 points or more with at least four clubs.
Forcing for one round; 10 points or more with at least four clubs.
1⣠â 3â£
Weak; 9 points or lessâsometimes much lessâwith at least five clubs.
Weak; 9 points or lessâsometimes much lessâwith at least five clubs.
1⥠â 2â¥
Weak; 6-9 points with at least 3 hearts (unless Bergen raises are in use, in which case it shows precisely 3 hearts)
Weak; 6-9 points with at least 3 hearts (unless Bergen raises are in use, in which case it shows precisely 3 hearts)
1â â 1NT;
2⣠â 2â
Shows a weak hand, 6-9 points, with precisely two spades. Some also use this for an extremely weak hand (0-5) with three spades.
2⣠â 2â
Shows a weak hand, 6-9 points, with precisely two spades. Some also use this for an extremely weak hand (0-5) with three spades.
1â â 1NT;
2⣠â Pass
Shows a very weak hand, perhaps 5-7 points, with at least four clubs.
2⣠â Pass
Shows a very weak hand, perhaps 5-7 points, with at least four clubs.
1â â 1NT;
2⣠â 2â¦
Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long diamond suit.
2⣠â 2â¦
Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long diamond suit.
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1â â 1NT;
2⦠â 2â¥
Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long heart suit.
2⦠â 2â¥
Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long heart suit.
1â â 1NT;
2⥠â 3â£
Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long club suit.
2⥠â 3â£
Shows a weak hand, 5-9 points, with a long club suit.
1â â 1NT;
2⣠â 2NT;
Shows 10-11 points without support for spades.
2⣠â 2NT;
Shows 10-11 points without support for spades.
1â â 1NT;
2⣠â 3â
Shows 10-11 points with 3-card support for spades.
2⣠â 3â
Shows 10-11 points with 3-card support for spades.
1â â 3â
Shows 10-11 points with at least 4-card support for spades.
Shows 10-11 points with at least 4-card support for spades.
1â â 1NT;
2⣠â 3â¥
Shows 10-11 points with a long heart suit.
2⣠â 3â¥
Shows 10-11 points with a long heart suit.
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1⦠â 2â¥
This is a jump response, and there are different ways of handling it. In Standard American, such a 'jump shift' shows a very strong hand and is unequivocally forcing. However, since such hands do not occur with great frequency, it is more common today to use such a bid to show a weak hand with a long suit, unsuitable for defense. Another possibility is to play it as a 'fit-showing jump', showing 8-10 points, a decent heart suit, and good diamond support.
This is a jump response, and there are different ways of handling it. In Standard American, such a 'jump shift' shows a very strong hand and is unequivocally forcing. However, since such hands do not occur with great frequency, it is more common today to use such a bid to show a weak hand with a long suit, unsuitable for defense. Another possibility is to play it as a 'fit-showing jump', showing 8-10 points, a decent heart suit, and good diamond support.
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References[edit]
Notes[edit]
This statement in not in the reference's page 1. The statement is misleading in that it implies that 1D P 1NT is forcing. The quoted Audrey-Rodwell reference makes clear that it is not forcing on page 65. The 1NT response to a minor opening bid shows a balanced hand and 6-10 HCP, and implies the inability to bid a four card or better major.
Bibliography[edit]
- Grant, Audrey; Rodwell, Eric (2009). 2/1 Game Force. Louisville, KY: Baron Barclay Bridge Supply. ISBN978-0-939460-84-7.
- Hardy, Max (2000). Standard Bridge Bidding for the 21st Century. SQueeZe Books. ISBN978-1-58776-049-5. LCCN00104457.
- Hardy, Max (2002). Advanced Bridge Bidding for the 21st Century. SQueeZe Books. ISBN978-1-58776-125-6. LCCN2002104136.
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